The Gulf’s manufacturing sector—refining, petrochemicals, fertilizer, metals, and specialty chemicals—operates in a uniquely harsh envelope: extreme heat (often >45 °C), high solar loads, coastal humidity, Shamal winds, and intermittent dust events. In this context, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation has become a high-leverage tool to design, verify, and continuously optimize systems for toxic-gas removal and exposure control—well beyond what rules-of-thumb or 1-D

Introduction: In modern building design specially in gulf countries (Saudi Arab, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, UAE), architectural louvers play a...

Desert cities have a unique set of challenges when it comes to keeping their residents comfortable. With soaring temperatures and dry...

Introduction: In densely populated areas like Saudi Arabia, ensuring the safety of occupants during emergency scenarios is of paramount...